Treatment of cases in Astadhyayi and Tolkappiyam - A Comparative Study Dr. K. MEENAKSHI Annamalai University Panini's main contribution to the study of syntax is his Karaka theory. Kā raka is defined as the relationship existing between the noun or noun-phrase and a verb or verb phrase. Kā raka relation coresponds to the underlying or deep-structure relations of transformational grammar. Kā rakas are defined semantically as follows: The term apāndāna denotes the relation of movement away from a fixed point. (P 1. 4. 24) Sampradāna means the person or object whom one has in view in relation to Karman (P. 1. 4. 32) Karana is the most effective means in accomplishing an object. (P 1. 4. 42); adhikarana denotes the locus of an action (P. 1. 4. 45); Karman s the most desired of the agent. (P. 1.4. 49); Kart r is independent(P. l. 4, 54) and hetu denotes what instigates the agent. (P. l. 455) Each Kā raka is assigned a basic casemarker. (Vibhakti) Apādana is basically represented by the fifth case. (P. 2. 3. 28); Samprada na by 4th (P. 2. 3. 13); Karama by the 3rd (P. 2. 3. 18); adhikarana by the 7th (P 2. 3. 36); Karman by the 2nd (P. 2. 3. 2); Kart r is again expressed by the 3rd (P. 2. 3. 18). - 255
