may be the outcome of his sermon. Sangam literature points out the trade links and the colonies of Yavanas. It is plain and natural to think that they must have brought not only the trade goods but also their thoughts. Just as Indian Vedic thought came by the land, thoughts of Yavanas came by the sea. These possibilities make us to apply either the Carvaka or the Christian philosophies to the above mentioned lines of Paripaadal. The violent attack as “fools” reminds us of the starting point of philosophical and religious disharmony in Tamil literature. The third and the fifth songs of Parip aadal are by the same author, Kaduvan Ilaveyinanar. His reference to Samkhya and Carvaka philosophies are discussed upto now. Next we can see the influence of a Buddhist philosophic thought. The 131st poem of Kalithokai is in the words of lady’s maid consoling the heroine that hero will come and marry her soon. To reveal out his kindness she uses an implied smile. Even the beautiful attracting flock of birds living in his littoral region are so kind that jhey do not kill anything for their prey. They only prey upon the fishes killed by the clash of waves (3 -34). Killing of animals for food is prohibited while eating their flesh is not restricted (Vide Vinaya Pitaka III, 172). Manimeekalai speaks of the slaughter of animals for food as a powerful sin and at the same time admits the eating of the flesh of animals provided that they grow old and die naturally (16: 116-117). Buddha himself took to pork eating in the later part of his life, when he was the guest of Chanthan the goldsmith. Sivajana Siddhiyar ascribes these doctrines to the Sautrantika school of Buddhism. Nallanthuvanaar attributes this human Buddhist philosophy to the action of the birds to portray the kindness of the hero. It is interesting to note that he has also sung in praise of Murukan in the eighth poem of Paripaadal. It must be mentioned here that Buddhism came to Tamilnad in the third century B. C. Moreover the names of Sangam poets Ilampothiyaar, Theratharan and Ciruventheriyaar, show the Buddhist influence. 484
