1840-vocabulary of English and Tamil words compiled by Innocent Nicholas/English Grammar
Grammar is the art of rightly expressing our thoughts by words.
Grammar treats of sentences, and of the several parts of which they are compounded.
Sentences consist of words; words, of one or more Syllables; Syllables, of one or more letters.
So that Letters, Syllables, words, & Sentences, make up the whole subject of Grammar.
OF ETYMOLOGY.
Etymology explains the derivation of words, in order to arrive at the first primary signification; and teaches the various modifications by which the sense of the same word is diversified; as
I Write
I Wrote
Man
Men
A primitive word is that which comes from no other, either in the same or any other language.
A Derivative word is that which comes from some other word in the same Language or in another language.
A Simple word is that which is not mixed, or compounded.
A Compound word is that Which is made up of two or more Words.
There are five sorts of derivations among words purely English.
First — Adjectives from substantives; as man, manly; weight, weighty.
Second — Substantives from adjectives; as nice, niceness; delicate, delicateness; muddy, muddiness.
Third — Adverbs from adjectives; as mortal, mortally; sinful, sinfully, &c.
Fourth—Verbs from adjectives; as straight, straighten; soft, soften.
Fifth—Participles from Verbs; as place, placing, placed.
WORDS
Words divided into classes are called Parts of speech: of which there are nine different kinds, Viz. Article, Noun, Adjective, Pronoun, Verb, Adverb,Conjunction, Preposition and Interjection.
First—An Article is a word prefixed to substantives, when they, are common names of things, to point them out, and to show how far their signification extends
Second—A Noun or Substantive is the name of a Person, Place or thing, conceived to subsist, or of which we have any notion.
Third—A Pronoun is put instead of a Noun, to point out some persons or things.
Fourth—An Adjective is a word which one expresses some quality or other accident belonging to the Substantive.
Fifth—A Verb is that—which expresses action, Being or Suffering.
Sixth—An Adverb is joined to verbs, and also to adjectives and other adverbs to express some circumstances belonging to them.
Seventh.—A Preposition, which is put before nouns and pronouns chiefly to connect them with other words, and to shew their relations to those words.
Eighth—A Conjunction, which joins words and sentences together.
Ninth—An Interjection is used to express some sudden Emotion of the mind.
Singular
1st person I have.
2nd person Thou hast.
3rd person He she or it has or hath.
}}Plural
1st person We have.
2nd person Ye or you have.
3rd person They have.
Singular
1st person I had.
2nd person Thou hadst.
3rd person He had.
Plural
1st person We had.
2nd person Ye or you had.
3rd person They had.
Singular
1st person 1 have had.
2nd person Thou hast had.
3rd person He has had.
Plural
1st person We have had.
2nd person Ye or you have had.
3rd person They have had.
Singular
1st person I had had.
2nd personThou hadst had.
3rd person He had had.
Plural
1st person We had had.
2nd person Ye or you had had.
3rd person They had had.
Singular
1st person I shall or will have.
2nd person Thou shalt or with have.
3rd person He shall or will have.
Plural
1st person We shall or will have.
2nd person Ye or you shall or will have.
3rd person They shall or will have.
Singular
1st person I shall or will have had.
2nd person Thou shalt or wilt have had.
3rd person He shall or will have had.
Plural
1st person We shall or will have had.
2nd person Ye or you shall or will have had.
3rd person They shall or will have had.
Singular
1st person Let me have.
2nd person Have thou or do thou have.
3rd person Let him have.
Plural
1st person Let us have.
2nd person Have ye or you or do ye or you have.
3rd person Let them have.
Singular
1st person I may or can have.
2nd person Thou mayest or canst have.
3rd person He may or can have.
Plural
1st person We may or can have.
2nd person Ye or you may or can have.
3rd person They may or can have.
Singular
1st person I might, could, would or should have.
2nd person Thou mightst, couldst, wouldst,or shouldst have.
3rd person He might, could would or should have.
Plural
1st person we might, could, would, or should have.
2nd person Ye or you might could, would,or should have.
3rd person They might, could, would, or should have.
Singular
1st person I may or can have had.
2nd person Thou mayest or canst have had.
3rd person He may or can have had.
Plural
1st person We may or can have had.
2nd person Ye or you may or can have had.
3rd person They may or can have had.
Singular
1st person I might, could, would, or should have had.
2nd person Thou mightst, couldst. wouldst, or shouldst have had.
3rd person He might, could, would, or should have had.
Plural
1st person We might, could, would, or should have had.
2nd person Ye or you might could, would, or should have had.
3rd person They might, could would or should have had.
Singular
1st person If I have.
2nd person If you have.
3rd person If he have.
Plural
1st person If we have.
2nd person If ye or you have.
3rd person If they have.
Singular
1st person If I had.
2nd person If thou hadst.
3rd person If he had.
Plural
1st person if we had.
2nd person If ye or you had.
3rd person If they had.
Singular
1st person If I have had.
2nd person If thou hast had.
3rd person If he has had.
Plural
1st person If we have had.
2nd person If ye or you have had.
3rd person If they have had.
Singular
1st person If I had had.
2nd person If thou hadst had.
3rd person If he had had.
Plural
1st person If we had had.
2nd person If ye or you had had.
3rd person If they had had.
Singular
1st person If I shall or will have.
2nd person If thou shalt or wilt have.
3rd person if he shall or will have.
Plural
1st person If we shall or will have.
2nd person If ye or you shall or will have.
3rd person If they shall or will have.
Singular
1st person If I shall or will have had.
2nd person If thou shalt or wilt have had.
3rd person. If he shall or will have had.
Plural
1st person If we shall or will have had.
2nd person If ye or you shall or will have had.
3rd person If they shall or will have had.
Singular
To have
Perfect
To have had
Participles
Present or Active
Having
Perfect or Passive
Had
Compound Perfect
Having had
How is the Auxiliary and Neuter verb
To be conjugated?
In the following manner
PRESENT TENSE
Singular
1st person I am.
2nd person Thou art.
3rd person He, she or it is.
Plural
1st person We are.
2nd person Ye or you are.
3rd person They are.
IMPERFECT TENSE
Singular
1st person I was.
2nd person Thou wast.
3rd person He was.
Plural
1st person We were.
2nd person Ye or you were.
3rd person They were.
PERFECT TENSE
Singular
1st person I have been.
2nd person Thou hast been.
3rd person He has been.
Plural
1st person We have been.
2nd person Ye or you have been.
3rd person They have been.
Singular
1st person I had been.
2nd person Thou hadst been.
3rd person He had been.
Plural
1st person We had been.
2nd person Ye or you had been.
3rd person They had been.
Singular
1st person I shall or will be.
2nd person Thou shalt or will be.
3rd person He shall or will be.
Plural
1st person We shall or will be.
2nd person Ye or you shall or will be.
3rd person They shall or will be.
Singular
1st person I shall or will have been.
2nd person Thou shalt or will have been.
3rd person He shall or will have been.
Plural
lst person We shall or will have been
2nd person Ye or you shall or will have been.
3rd person They shall or will have been.
Singular
1st person I do scratch.
2nd person Thou doth or you do scratch.
3rd person He doth scratch.
Plural
1st person We do scratch.
2nd person Ye or you do scratch.
3rd person They do scratch.
Singular
1st person I did scratch.
2nd person Thou didst or you did scratch.
3rd person He did scratch.
Plural
1st person We did scratch.
2nd person Ye or you did scratch.
3rd person They did scratch.
Singular
1st person I will or shall scratch.
2nd person Thou wilt or shall scratch.
3rd person He will or shall scratch.
Plural
1st person We will or shall scratch.
2nd person Ye or you will or shall scratch.
3rd person They will or shall scratch.
Singular
1st person I do quit.
2nd person Thou doth or you do quit.
3rd person He doth quit.
Plural
1st person We do quit.
2nd person Ye or you do quit.
3rd person They do quit.
Singular
1st person I did quit.
2nd person Thou didst or you did quit.
3rd person He did quit.
Plural
1st person We did quit.
2nd person Ye or you did quit.
3rd person They did quit.
Singular
1st person I will quit.
2nd person Thou wilt or you will quit.
3rd person He will quit.
Plural
1st person We will quit.
2nd person Ye or you will quit.
3rd person They will quit.
Singular
1st person I do cry.
2nd person Thou dost or you do cry.
3rd person They do cry.
Plural
1st person We do cry.
2nd person Ye or you do cry.
3rd person They do cry.
Singular
1st person I did cry.
2nd person Thou didst or you did cry.
3rd person He did cry.
Plural
1st person We did cry.
2nd person Ye or you did cry.
3rd person They did cry.
Singular
1st person I will cry.
2nd person Thou wilt or you will cry.
3rd person He will cry.
Plural
1st person We will cry.
2nd person Ye or you will cry.
3rd person They will cry.